ãè ã®ããå çã«ãé¡ãããããââ誰ããããæããŸããã§ã"åå»"ãšããèšèã»ã©ãå®çŸ©ããããŸãã«äœ¿ãããŠãããã®ããããŸããã
å»åž«éžã³ã§èŠãã¹ãã¯ è³æ Œã»çµéšã»è¡åŒã®å¹ ã»å¯©çŸçŒã»èª¬æåã»è¡åŸå¯Ÿå¿ ã®6ã€ã§ããèªã¿çµããé ã«ã¯ã次ã®ã«ãŠã³ã»ãªã³ã°ã§äœãèãã¹ãããã¯ãªã¢ã«ãªã£ãŠããã¯ãã§ãã
ããªãã¯ã©ã£ã¡?
- çäŸåçã®ããã©ãŒã»ã¢ãã¿ãŒã ãã§å»åž«ã決ããããšããŠãã
- ãå°éå»ããšãèªå®å»ãã®éãã説æã§ããªã
- ã«ãŠã³ã»ãªã³ã°ã§èã質åãæ±ºããã«äºçŽãã
- 倿®µãšå£ã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã ãã§çµã蟌ãã§ãã
2ã€ä»¥äžåœãŠã¯ãŸã£ããããã®ãŸãŸèªã¿é²ããŠãã ãããåœéçãªéŒ»åœ¢æã®è«æãããšã«ã"æ¬åœã®ãã§ãã¯ãã€ã³ã"ãæŽçããŸãã
錻æŽåœ¢ããæãé£ããæè¡ã®1ã€ããšèšãããã¯ã±
çµè«: 錻ã¯éªšã»è»éªšã»ç®èã»åŒåžæ©èœãç«äœçã«çµ¡ã¿åãéšäœã§ãå·åå»ã®å·®ãæãåºãããé åã®1ã€ã§ãã
錻ã¯é¡ã®ã©çãäžãããªåäœã§å°è±¡ãå€ãããŸãã
Stepnickãã¯ãseptorhinoplasty(錻äžé錻圢æè¡)ã®ç¿åŸããå€ç§çãªææŠã®ãªãã§ãæãå°é£ãªãã®ã®1ã€ããšè¡šçŸããŠããŸã[5]ãç¹ã«æ²ãã£ã錻ãå®å®ããŠç¯æ£ããããšã¯ã錻圢æã®ãªãã§ãæãæããã課é¡ã®1ã€ã§ã[5]ã
Rohrichãã¯ç·èª¬ã§ã錻圢æã®æåèŠçŽ ãšã㊠è¡åè©äŸ¡ãšç®æšåæãè¡äžã®æ£åžžæ§é ã®æž©åãšæ°éã®ç¶æãè¡åŸã®å䜵ç管ç ãŸã§ãäžé£ã®æµãã§æããŠããŸã[1]ã"åãã»çã"ã®æè¡è«ã ãã§ã¯ãªããå šäœããã¶ã€ã³ããæèãåãããæè¡ãšããããšã§ãã
ãã£ãã: 錻æŽåœ¢ã¯èŠãç®ãšæ©èœã®äž¡ç«ãå¿ èŠãªãç«äœããºã«ã®ãããªé åãæ¬¡ç« ã§ãå»åž«ãèŠåãã6ã€ã®è»žã䞊ã¹ãŸãã
åå»ãèŠåãã6ã€ã®èŠç¹(æ©èŠè¡š)
çµè«: è©æžãã ãã§ãçäŸæ°ã ãã§ãäžååã6ã€ã®è»žã§ç«äœçã«è©äŸ¡ããŠãã ããã
ãã£ãã: è©æžãã»æ°åã»åçã ãã§æ±ºããã®ã¯å±éºã次ã¯ãè³æ Œãã«æœãèœãšã穎ããèŠãŠãããŸãã
ãèŠç¹â ããçŸå®¹å€ç§å»ããšã錻ã®å°éãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ãã¯å¥ç©
çµè«: "çŸå®¹å€ç§"ã®çæ¿ã ãã§ã¯ã錻ã®è§£åãäœç³»çã«åŠãã ãã¯å€æã§ããŸããã
å»åž«å èš±ãããã°ãå¶åºŠäžã¯èª°ã§ãçŸå®¹å€ç§ãåä¹ããŸããã ãããããå°éæ§ãã®ç¢ºèªãå¿ èŠã«ãªããŸãã
Barrããç±³åœã®å°å調æ»(2015幎)ã§èšªåããæœèšã§ã¯ãçŸå®¹å€ç§æè¡ãè¡ã£ãŠããå»åž«ã®ãã¡ board-certified plastic surgeon(圢æå€ç§å°éå»)ã2396人ã§ãå šå·åè ã®77.9% ãå ããŠããŸãã[6]ãæ®ãçŽ2å²ã¯åœ¢æå€ç§ä»¥å€ã®å»åž«ã ã£ããšããããšã§ãã
åã調æ»ã§ã¯ãäžè¬å€ç§å»ã»å ç§å»ã»çŒç§å»ã»ç£å©Šäººç§ã»å°å ç§ã»ææ¥å»ã»æ³å°¿åšç§ã»éº»é ç§ãããã«ã¯æ¡è¡æåž«ãŸã§ãçŸå®¹å€ç§æè¡ãè¡ã£ãŠãã宿 ãèšé²ãããŠããŸã[6]ã
ç§ããšã«ãèªåã®å°éé åã®å€(outside their scope)ã§çŸå®¹å€ç§ãè¡ã£ãŠããå²åãã倧ããéããŸãã
ããã¯ç±³åœã®ããŒã¿ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã«ãã®ãŸãŸåœãŠã¯ãŸãæ°åã§ã¯ãããŸããããã ãã"çŸå®¹å€ç§"ã®çæ¿ã ãã§ã¯ã錻ã®è§£åãäœç³»çã«åŠãã§ããããåãããªãããšããæ§é ã¯å ±éããŠããŸãã
Barrãã¯ãè³éŒ»åœåç§å»ã¯ç ä¿®äžã«éŒ»åœ¢æã«è§ŠããçŒåœ¢æå€ç§å»ã¯çŒçŒåœ¢æã«è§Šãããããã以å€ã®ç§ã®å€ãã¯çŸå®¹å€ç§æè¡ã®ç³»çµ±çèšç·Žãç ä¿®äžã«åããŠããªããšææããçŸå®¹å€ç§ç ä¿®åºæºã®æšæºåãå¿ èŠã ãšçµè«ã¥ããŠããŸã[6]ã
æåã®ãã§ãã¯ã¯ 圢æå€ç§å°éå»ããŸãã¯è³éŒ»åœåç§(é¡é¢åœ¢æé å) ã®è³æ Œã®æç¡ã§ããå ¬åŒãµã€ãã®çµæŽæ¬ããåŠäŒã®å°é廿€çŽ¢ã§ç¢ºèªã§ããŸãã
ãã£ãã: è©æžãã®æååã§ã¯ãªããåŠäŒèªå®ã®å°éå»è³æ Œã確èªã次ã¯ãçµéšå€ãã®èŠæ¹ã§ãã
ãèŠç¹â¡ãçäŸãæ°ããããã±ãŒã¹ã®å€æ§æ§ããèŠã
çµè«: ç·çäŸæ°ãããèªåãšäŒŒãã±ãŒã¹ãã©ãã ãæ±ã£ãŠããããéèŠããŠãã ããã
éŒ»ã®æ©ã¿ã¯äžäººã²ãšãéããŸããå£åéŒ»ãæ²ãã£ã錻ãäœã錻ãäºæ¬¡ä¿®æ£ââå¿ èŠãªæè¡ã¯ããããå¥ç©ã§ããä»äžããã«ã¯å人差ããããåãè¡åŒã§ãçµéã¯äººã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã
Stepnickãã¯æ²ãã£ã錻ã«ã€ããŠãå€ç§å»ã¯ãæ£è ã®éŒ»ã ç¬ç«ããæ§é ãšããŠããé¡å šäœã®äžéšãšããŠã è§£ååŠçã»å¯©çŸçã«åæã§ããèœåããå¿ èŠã§ãåæ§é èŠçŽ ãšå€åã®çžäºäœçšãçè§£ããããšãæ±ãããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸã[5]ã
çäŸæ°ãå€ããŠãããã®å€§åãåçŽãªé錻ã ããªããè€éãªæ²ãã錻ãä¿®æ£ã±ãŒã¹ãžã®å¯Ÿå¿åã¯å¥ã®è©±ã§ãã
ã«ãŠã³ã»ãªã³ã°ã§èããŠã¿ãã質åã¯ãããšãã°ããã§ãã
- ãç§ãšäŒŒãéªšæ Œãç®èã®åã¿ã®çäŸã¯ãããŸãã?ã
- ãä¿®æ£æè¡ã®çµéšã¯ã©ã®ããããããŸãã?ã
- ãé£ããã£ãã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãã©ã®ããã«è¡åŒãå€ããŸããã?ã
å ·äœäŸãå³åº§ã«åºãŠããå»åž«ã¯ãåŒãåºããå€ã蚌æ ã§ãã
ãã£ãã: æ°åã®ããžãã¯ãããå ·äœãšããœãŒããåºãŠããããèŠããæ¬¡ã¯ããã®"åŒãåºã"ã®äžèº«ã®è©±ã§ãã
ãèŠç¹â¢ãããã€ãåãè¡åŒãã®å»åž«ã¯èŠæ³šæ
çµè«: 錻å°ã錻èãæŽããæ¹æ³ã¯1ã€ã§ã¯ãããŸãããæ£è ã«åãããŠäœ¿ãåããããããéµã§ãã
Rohrichãã¯ã錻å°ã®åœ¢æ æ¹åã®ä»£è¡šçãªæè¡ãšã㊠錻å°çž«å(tip suturing) 㚠錻å°ç§»æ€(tip grafting) ã®äž¡èŒªãæããããããé©åã«çµã¿åãããããšã§éŒ»å°ã®å€åœ¢ãè£æ£ããæ¯æã®åªå€±ã«ããå€åœ¢ãæå°åã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸã[1]ã
SieberãšRohrichãã錻å°ã®ç¹çްãªèª¿æŽã«ã¯ ç Žå£ã§ã¯ãªãä¿®æ£(modification rather than destruction) ã®çºæ³ãå¿ èŠã§ãæããã錻å°ç§»æ€ãé©åã«äœ¿ãã°ãç¹ã«ç®èã®èãæ£è ã§æŽã£ã錻å ã«ãªãããããšããŠããŸã[4]ãæ®µéçã§ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã åãããã¢ãããŒããå®å šã§åçŸæ§ã®é«ãæ¹æ³ã ãšçµè«ã¥ããŠããŸã[4]ã
å建系ã®éŒ»åœ¢æã§ã¯å¥ã®ã«ãŒããå¿ èŠã«ãªããŸããRomoãã¯ãå€å質ããªãšãã¬ã³ã€ã³ãã©ã³ã(Medpor)ãæ©èœçã»çŸå®¹çãªéŒ»å建ã«ãã㊠å®å šã§æãŸããéžæè¢ã®1〠ã«ãªãåŸããšå ±åããŠããŸã[3]ã
ã©ã¡ãããåªããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããã±ãŒã¹ã«å¿ããŠéžã¹ãå»åž«ãã©ãããåãããŸãããã€ããªãŒãã³äžæããã€ãã¯ããŒãºäžæããšããå»åž«ã¯åŒãåºããçããããããŸããã
ãã£ãã: è¡åŒã®éžæè¢ãè€æ°æã£ãŠãããã確èªã次ã¯ãæè¡ã®å¥¥ã«ãã"審çŸçŒ"ã®è©±ã§ãã
ãèŠç¹â£ãä»äžãããæ±ºããã®ã¯ã3次å ã®å¯©çŸçŒã
çµè«: 錻å ã®çŸããã¯ãåç¬ã®ç·ã§ã¯ãªã å ãšåœ±ã®é£ç¶æ§ ã§æ±ºãŸããŸãã
ToriumiãšChecconeã¯ã錻å°ã®é 圢ã«ã€ããŠã錻å°éšã®åŒ·èª¿ç¹(highlight)ãšé°åœ±(shadow)ãæŠç¥çã«é 眮ããããšããèªç¶ãªèŠãæ¹ã®éŒ»å ã«ã€ãªããããšæŽçããŠããŸã[2]ãåè«æã¯ãçæ³çãªéŒ»å°ã®3次å çãªç«äœåãçè§£ããŠããã°ãåå¥ã®ææã«ãã ããã®ã§ã¯ãªã"ç®æã圢"ãã®ãã®ã«éäžã§ãããšãè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸã[2]ã
SieberãšRohrichã¯ãçæ³çãªéŒ»å°ã®èŒªéã ãtip lobule(錻å°å°è)ãã alar lobule(錻翌å°è)ãŸã§ãé°åœ±ã®åãç®ãªãæ»ããã«ç§»è¡ãã圢ã ãšå®çŸ©ããŠããŸã[4]ã錻å°ã®3次å çãªåœ¢ã®äžæŽãè¡åã»è¡äžãšãã«æèããããšã§ãäžã®æ§é ã«ã©ã®ãããªä¿®æ£ãå ãããã倿ã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸã[4]ã
ããã«ã錻å°ã®çž«å㯠糞ã®ããããªäœçœ®éããé·æã®èŠãæ¹ã«è€éã«åœ±é¿ãã ãããè¯ãçµæãš"çŽ æŽããã"çµæãåããã®ã¯ãã®åŸ®åŠãªå·®ã®çè§£ã ããšåŒ·èª¿ãããŠããŸã[4]ã
åå»ã¯ãããããç¹çްãªéšåãèšèªåã§ããŸããã«ãŠã³ã»ãªã³ã°ã§ ã錻å ã®å ã®å ¥ãæ¹ããæ£é¢ãšæã45床ã§èŠãæ¹ãã©ãéããã ãšãã£ã説æãåºãŠãããã¯ã1ã€ã®ç®å®ã«ãªããŸãã
ãã£ãã: ç·ã§ã¯ãªãå ãšåœ±ã§èšèšããŠãããã確èªã次ã¯ãæè¡ãã倧äºãããããªã"説æã®èª å®ã"ã§ãã
ãèŠç¹â€ãåå»ã¯ããªã¹ã¯ãšéçããå眮ãããåŸåããã
çµè«: ããä»äžããã ãã§ãªããã§ããªãããšã»èµ·ããããå䜵çãå ã«äŒããåŸåãããã®ãçµéšè±å¯ãªå»åž«ã®ç¹åŸŽã§ãã
Rohrichãã¯éŒ»åœ¢æã®ç·èª¬ã§ãåŠç¿ç®æšã®1ã€ã«ãå䜵çãèªèã管çã§ããããšããæèšããè¡åŸå埩æã®ã±ã¢ãšå䜵çãžã®å¯Ÿå¿èœåãæåãã錻圢æã®äžå¯æ¬ ãªèŠçŽ ã ãšäœçœ®ã¥ããŠããŸã[1]ãå䜵çãé ããæ±ãããšãåæã®æè¡ããšããããšã§ãã
ToriumiãšChecconeãã錻å°é 圢ã§ã¯ 现éšãžã®æ³šæãæè¡æéãé·ãããå¿èãšç²ã匷ããèŠãã ãšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸã[2]ãæéããããŠäžå¯§ã«ä»äžããå»åž«ã»ã©ããçæéã§å®ç§ããšããèªå€§ãªèª¬æãšã¯é ããããŸãã
ã«ãŠã³ã»ãªã³ã°ã§ä»¥äžãèªç¶ã«èªããããããã§ãã¯ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
- æè¡ã§å®çŸã§ããç¯å²ãšãéªšæ Œã»ç®èã®åã¿ã«ããéç
- èµ·ããããæµ®è «ã»è¡è «ã»ç¢çã»ææãªã©ã®ãªã¹ã¯
- ããŠã³ã¿ã€ã ã®å人差ãšãä»äžãããå®å®ãããŸã§ã®æé
- ä¿®æ£ãå¿ èŠã«ãªã£ãå Žåã®å¯Ÿå¿æ¹é
äžæ¹ã§ãã絶察ãããã«ãªããã100%倧äžå€«ããªã©ã®æå®çãªè¡šçŸã¯ãå»çåºåãšããŠäžé©åãªè¡šçŸã«åœããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ãã£ãã: éœåã®ãã話ã ãã§æŒããªããããªã¹ã¯ãå ã«é瀺ãããã¯å€§äºãªå€æææãæ¬¡ã¯æåŸã®è»žãè¡åŸã®ãã©ããŒäœå¶ã§ãã
ãèŠç¹â¥ããæè¡ããŠçµãããã§ã¯ãªãå»åž«ãéžã¶
çµè«: 錻æŽåœ¢ã¯å¹Žåäœã§åœ¢ãæŽã£ãŠããæè¡ãè¡åŸã®ãã©ããŒäœå¶ãŸã§èŠãŠå€æããŠãã ããã
Rohrichãã¯ãè¯ã錻圢æã®æ¡ä»¶ãšã㊠ãè¡åŸã®å埩æã®ã±ã¢ãšå䜵çã®èªèã»ç®¡çã ãæç¢ºã«äœçœ®ã¥ããŠããŸã[1]ãå·åãšåããããããã®åŸã®èšºå¯äœå¶ãçµæãå·Šå³ããŸãã
SieberãšRohrichã¯ã錻å°ã®æçã«ã¯æéããããã埮现ãªçž«åã®éãã é·æçãªèŠãæ¹ã«åœ±é¿ãã ããšã匷調ããŠããŸã[4]ãæµ®è «ãåŒãåã£ãŠããåããŠèŠããäžæŽããããããå幎ã1幎åäœã§ã®èšºå¯äœå¶ãæãŸãããšãããçç±ã®1ã€ã§ãã
äºçŽæã«ãå幎ã»1幎åŸã®å®æèšºå¯ã¯å¯èœãããå䜵çãåºããšãã¯èª°ã蚺ãã®ããã確èªããŠãããšãè¡åŸã®ãã¹ããããé²ããŸãã
ãã£ãã: å·åã ãã§ãªã1幎ã¹ãã³ã®ãã©ããŒãŸã§è²¬ä»»ãæãŠãããåå»ã®æ¡ä»¶ã次ã¯ãããããçåãžã®Q&Aã§ãã
Q&A|å»åž«éžã³ã§è¿·ã£ããšãã®4ã€ã®çå
çµè«: è¿·ã£ããšãã«ç«ã¡æ»ãã¹ãã¯ãè³æ Œã»çäŸå€æ§æ§ã»èª¬æã®èª å®ãã»è¡åŸäœå¶ã®4ç¹ã§ãã
Q1. çäŸåçãå€ãã¯ãªããã¯=åå»?
åçã®æ°ãã®ãã®ãããèªåãšéªšæ Œãç®èã¿ã€ããè¿ãçäŸãããããèŠãŠãã ãããStepnickããææããããã«ã錻ã¯é¡å šäœãšã®é¢ä¿ã®äžã§è©äŸ¡ãããã¹ãæ§é ã§ã[5]ã
Q2. æéãé«ãã»ã©åå»?
æéãšæè¡ã¯å¿ ãããæ¯äŸããŸãããæéã®æ ¹æ (䜿çšããè»éªšã»éº»é äœå¶ã»ãã©ããŒåæ°ãªã©)ã説æããããã確èªããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
Q3. ã©ã³ãã³ã°ãµã€ãã®é äœã¯åèã«ãªã?
ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯åºåè²»ãã¢ãã£ãªãšã€ãã®åœ±é¿ãåããããšããããŸããå»çåºåã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ã®èгç¹ããããã©ã³ãã³ã°è¡šç€ºã¯åèçšåºŠã«ãšã©ããäžæ¬¡æ å ±(åŠäŒè³æ Œã»è«æã»å ¬åŒã®çµæŽ)ã§è£ãåãã®ãå®å šã§ãã
Q4. ã»ã«ã³ããªãããªã³ã¯å€±ç€Œ?
ãŸã£ãã倱瀌ã§ã¯ãããŸãããRohrichãããæ£è ã®æåŸ ãšå€ç§å»ã®ç®æšã®åæãæåã®åå°ã ãšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸã[1]ãè€æ°ã®å»åž«ã®æèŠãçªãåãããããšã§ãèªåã®åªå é äœãèŠããŠããŸãã
ãã£ãã: åçã»æéã»ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯è£å©æ å ±ãè³æ Œãšèª¬æã®èª å®ãã軞ã«çœ®ãããããŸã§ã§å€æè»žã¯åºããããŸããã
ãç§ã®å Žåã¯ã©ãã ããïŒããšæã£ãã
ç¡æã«ãŠã³ã»ãªã³ã°ãäºçŽãã
ç¡çãªå§èªã¯ããããŸããããæ°è»œã«ã©ããã
ãããŸã§ããŸãšããŸã
çµè«: ãããŸã§èªãã ããªãã¯ããã ãèŠãç®ãšé°å²æ°ã§å»åž«ãéžã¶æ®µéãã¯åæ¥ ããŠããŸãã
- 錻æŽåœ¢ã¯éªšã»è»éªšã»ç®èã»åŒåžã絡ããæãé£åºŠã®é«ãé åã®1ã€[5]
- è³æ Œã¯ã圢æå€ç§å°éå»/è³éŒ»åœåç§ããæåã®ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒ[6]
- è¡åŒã¯çž«åã»ç§»æ€ã»åå»ºçŽ æã®äœ¿ãåããã§ããå»åž«ãéžã¶[1,3,4]
- 審çŸçŒã¯"å ãšåœ±ã®é£ç¶æ§"ãšããŠèªãããã§åãã[2,4]
- åå»ã¯ãªã¹ã¯ãšéçãå眮ãããåŸåããããè¡åŸ1幎ãŸã§ãã©ããŒãã[1,4]
ããšã¯ãããªãèªèº«ã®éªšæ Œã»ç®èã»ã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«ã©ã®å»åž«ãåããã確ãããã ãã§ããããã¯èšäºã§ã¯ã©ãããŠãåããããªãéšåã§ãå®éã«äŒã£ãŠè©±ãèãã®ãäžçªã®è¿éã«ãªããŸãã
ãŒãã£ã¹ãã¥ãŒãã£ãŒã¯ãªããã¯ã§ã¯ãååã«ãŠã³ã»ãªã³ã°ã§ è¡åŒã®éžæè¢ã»ãªã¹ã¯ã»è²»çšã®å èš³ã»è¡åŸãã©ããŒã®æµã ãäžå¯§ã«ãäŒãããŠããŸããçžè«ã ãã®ãå©çšãæè¿ã§ãç¡çãªå§èªã¯ãããŸããã
ãèªåã®å Žåã¯ã©ããªã®ãããèšèªåããæéãšããŠãæ°è»œã«äœ¿ã£ãŠããã ããã°ãšæããŸãã
åèæç®
- Rohrich R, Ahmad J. Rhinoplasty. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2011 https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31821e7191
- Toriumi D, Checcone M. New Concepts in Nasal Tip Contouring. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2008.10.001
- Nasal Reconstruction Using Porous Polyethylene Implants https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-7326
- Sieber D, Rohrich R. Finesse in Nasal Tip Refinement. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 2017 https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000003566
- Stepnick D, Guyuron B. Surgical Treatment of the Crooked Nose. Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2009.12.001
- Barr Jason S., Sinno Sammy, Cimino Marcus, Saadeh Pierre B.. Clinicians Performing Cosmetic Surgery in the Community. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2015 https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000000774